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The introduction of Greek philosophy and science into the culture of the Latin West in the Middle Ages was an event that transformed the intellectual life of Western Europe.〔 ''Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society'', Marvin Perry, Myrna Chase, Margaret C. Jacob, James R. Jacob, 2008, 903 pages, p.261/262, Google Books webpage: ( -->pg=PA261&lpg=PA261 BooksG-kK ). 〕 It consisted of the discovery of many original works, such as those written by Aristotle in the classical period. Greek manuscripts have been maintained in the Greek speaking world in Constantinople, the Near East and Egypt. Interest in Greek texts and their availability was scarce in the Latin West until with increase traffic to the East, including the Latin Empire during the time of the Crusade, the Sack of Constantinople during the 4th Crusade, and finally the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire caused many of the original Greek manuscripts to make their way into Western Europe, and thus fueled the Renaissance.〔Alexander. A. Vasiliev. History of the Byzantine Empire〕 ==Direct reception of Greek texts== As knowledge of Greek declined in the west with the fall of the Western Roman Empire, so did knowledge of the Greek texts, many of which had remained without a Latin translation.〔Lindberg 52〕 The fragile nature of papyrus, as a writing medium, meant that older texts not copied onto expensive parchment would eventually crumble and be lost. After the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, scholars such as William of Moerbeke gained access to the original Greek texts that had been preserved in the Eastern Roman Empire, and translated them directly into Latin.〔Grabmann; note that many of William's works were redactions rather than original translations, as is commonly supposed〕 There was a later stage when Western knowledge of Greek began to revive in Renaissance Humanism, and especially after the Fall of Constantinople when there was an influx of refugee Greek scholars in the Renaissance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transmission of the Greek Classics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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